Sociology Ch Notes

Are a Result of the collection and analysis of data from a variety of sources such as Interviews Observations Surveys They ar wayls that allow us to generalize and make predictions Students Need To Be Objective When poring over Sociology Do not be subjective We all have a belief system that substructure be a problem when studying sociology Remove the I Social Control = the companionable mechanisms that stupefy peoples actions Studied through 3 paradigms Functionalism betrothal conjecture Symbolic Interactions A paradigm is a suppositious framework through which scientists study the world.Founders of the Discipline of Sociology Functionalists Augusta Comet (1798-1859) Wanted to build better societies Recognized 2 equal yet opposing forces in ball club Social Static (Tries to keep things the same) & Social kinetics (force for change & conflict) Founders Continued- Herbert Spencer- well-disposed Darwinism Emilee Druthers (1858-1917) start social researcher to carry out an Investigation utilize a large scale collection of data & wanted sociology to be more scientific Ideas and determine are the driving force structure could influence human behavior Social Solidarity = The bonds that unite society Shared beliefs These are important for society to operate harmoniously Collective Conscience = A groups parking lot values, goals, outlook, interpretation of events & identical ways of thinking in smaller societies Solidarity = how connected people feel to others in the environment Mechanical Solidarity = Pre-longitudinal Organic Solidarity = Social ties based upon a functional interdependence of the members of society (we are all dependent upon other, people we do not even know, for our everyday necessities) This is less personal than with automatonlike solidarity hen everyone knew each other, what to do, how to behave, and their place in the scheme of things. A lack of solidarity can lead to selfish Suicide -few social connections and isolation Alarm ists Suicide Exceptionally high level of solidarity places the soups interests as superior to the individuals. fatalist = Too much social control and Anomic = rapid change, usually economic. Division of Labor = A unifying force Tailcoat Parsons One of the most influential Functionalists Robert Morton Manifest Consequences = the intended takes of an action, LatentConsequence = unintended consequence of an action, & Dysfunctional Consequence = when an action weakens social bonds (a negative societal effect) Conflict Theorists Karl Marx (1818-1883) Extreme influence on world politics Focused upon discord and exploitation in society Social change, social institutions and social values are dictated by economic forces Bourgeoisie- Owners of the means of production Proletariat Sold their force Capitalism- Bourgeoisie seek to maximize profits & exploit workers Alienation Workers removed from creativity and achievement, leads to despair faux Consciousness Historical Materialism Ha rriet Martinets (1802-1876) Little recognized Focused upon Industrialization & Capitalism, class, race & gender inequalities W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1063) First African American to receive Ph. D. From Harvard. Studied dual heritage & advocated the eradication of prejudice and discrimination Jane Adams (1860-1935) take House Poverty results from ignorance and structural barriers, not from failings in the morality of a person. John Bellary Foster The negative effects of capitalism on society and the planet as a whole. C.Wright Mills Social Conflict (Marxist) Sociological Imagination = A way of thinking that gives you an understanding of the societal forces that shape your life- how society influences the military issue George Herbert Mead (186-1931)- Founder of Symbolic Internationalism, interested in colonization George Simmer (1858-1918) Interaction amongst people is influenced by coat of group Herbert Blamer Human beings behave toward things on the basis of the meanings t hey ascribe to those things Contagion = a rapid, irrational mode in which people dont think rationally or clearly = in a group setting. throng lose their heads and react eke acting Howard Becker Labeling Theory Human action is related to the designates attached to it. A label is attached to a certain behavior when a group with powerful social status labels it deviant. divergence is rooted in the reactions and responses of others to an individuals acts. Max Weber (1864-1920) Began as Karl Marx, social class influences our outcomes, but thought that Mars dickens class system was too simple. Wealth is important, but so are political power and social status.Discussed the emerging Bureaucracies and Rationality . The Protestant Ethic led to or influenced the rise in Capitalism. The accumulation of riches is a sign of Gods favor. Stressed that the study of sociology should be value free with no personal twine Emerging Paradigms Feminist Theory Gendered and interdisciplinary Exchan ge Theory Our social experiences consist of a series of rewards and costs. People want to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs which leads to their choice of social action Environmental Theory How do societies adjust to ecological changes (Beasts of The Southern Wild movie). Humans are Just one pillowcase of organism sharing the ecological space with animals.